Chloroplasts are chlorophyll-containing organelles which enable photosynthesis. Euglenids organized in the phylum Euglenophyta were grouped with algae because of the many chloroplasts within their cells.
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ἔνδον endon within σύν syn together and βίωσις biosis living Examples are nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia which live in the root nodules of legumes.
. The process can also be found in photosynthetic eukaryotes in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and in prokaryotes but with modifications. Chloroplast DNA cpDNA is the DNA located in chloroplasts which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organismsChloroplasts like other types of plastid contain a genome separate from that in the cell nucleusThe existence of chloroplast DNA was identified biochemically in 1959 and confirmed by electron microscopy in 1962. By-products from other cycles and processes like the citric acid cycle amino acid oxidation and fatty acid oxidation are used in the electron transport chain.
An endosymbiont or endobiont is any organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism most often though not always in a mutualistic relationship. The term endosymbiosis is from the Greek. These euglenids get their green color from the green chlorophyll pigment.
As seen in the overall redox reaction 2 H 2 e ½ O 2. Scientists speculate that the chloroplasts within these cells were acquired as a result.
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